CET-4高频词汇及常用词组

n. 船舱，机舱
What is the charge in the first cabin ? 头等舱的票价是多少？

n. 内阁
cabinet council 内阁会议

◆n. 缆，索，钢索绳
the crane cable 起重机吊索
◆n. 电缆
the submarine cable 海底电缆
◆n. 电报      vt. 发电报
We cabled him our congratulations. 我们打电报向他祝贺

n. 笼子，鸟笼；电梯室
the cage of an elevator 电梯厢

The general planned a campaign to capture the city. 将军制定了夺取该市战役计划

◆n. 俘获；缴获品      vt. 捕获
We captured the butterflies with net. 我们用网捕蝴蝶。
◆vt. 夺得
Fifteen medal  were captured by the Chinese team at 1984 Olympic Games.
中国队在1984年奥运会上夺得了15块金牌。

n. (大学)校园
on the campus of 在…校园内

n. 运河，渠
The Panama Canal joins two ocean. 巴拿马运河连接两大洋。

◆vt. 取消，把…作废
The meeting has been canceled. 会议取消了。
◆vt. 删掉，划掉
cancel a word 把字删掉

n. 候选人，候补者
The labour candidate was elected. 工党候选人当选。

◆adj. 有能力的，有才能的        [同]competent
a very capable pilot 技能熟练的飞行员
◆adj. 能…的，可以…的
The dog is capable of biting you if you go too near. 你如果太靠近，那狗可能会咬你。
be capable of …. ◆有…能力的  ◆有…倾向的；◆有…可能的 可以…的

◆n. 职业            [同]job ; profession
She chose acting as her career. 她选择了演戏作为自己的职业。
◆n. 经历，生涯
She abandoned her stage career. 她放弃了舞台生涯。

n. 船货，货物
◆cargo capacity 载货容量
◆ship the cargo 装货

n. 情况,事实    [同]fact
That's not the case. 那不是事情的真相.
n. 病例;案件 ; 箱,盒
[难点]
◆a case in point 恰当的例子
◆as the case may be 看情况
◆in this ( that ) case 如果这样(那样)的话
◆in case 假使,以防万一 = lest = for fear that
◆in case of 假使,万一
◆in the case of就…而言 = as far as…be concerned
◆in no case (在任何情况下)决不(放于句首时常用倒装结构)
◆in any case无论如何

n. 现金,现款    vt. 兑换现款,付(或收)现款
Can you cash the check for me ? 你能将这张支票兑换成现金吗?
[难点]
◆cash on delivery 货到付款
◆cash price 现金售价
◆a cash register 现金出纳机

cast  [同]throw
v. 扔,投
The fisherman cast his net into the water. 渔夫撒网于水中.
v. 浇铸,铸造
a figure cast in bronze 青铜铸成的人像

casual
◆adj. 偶然的,碰巧的    [同]accidental
◆adj. 随便的,非正式的  [同]informal
◆adj. 临时的          [同]temporary

◆n. 停止,中止  vt. 停止,中止
They must immediately cease all their provocation. 他们必须立即停止一切挑衅.
◆vi. 停止,中止
They suddenly ceased from talking. 他们突然停止谈话.

a dry cell 干电池
a secondary cell 蓄电池

adj. 中心的,中央的;中枢的;主要的
the central idea of the article 文章的主题思想

n. 执照      [同] licence
The driver's certificate has been suspended for three months. 司机的执照被吊销三个月了
◆marriage certificate 结婚证书                                        .
◆import ( export ) certificate 进口(出口)许可证

◆n. 海峡
the English Channel 英吉利海峡
◆n. 信道,波道,频道
the microwave channel 微波信道

character
◆n. 性格,品质  [同]nature , personality
  a woman of fine character 性情很好的女人
◆n. 特性,特征  [同]feature , characteristic
◆n. 人物,角色  [同]role
◆n. (书写或印刷)符号,(汉)字[同]symbol , letter

adj. 特有的,独特的  n. 特征,特性
What are the characteristics that distinguish Chinese and Japanese ?
中国人和日本人的不同特征是什么?

◆vt. 索价,收费
They charged eighteen pence an hour. 他们每小时收费18便士.
◆vt. 控告,指控
They charged him with murder. 他们指控他犯了谋杀罪.
◆n. (常用复数)费用
These courses involved extra charges. 这些课程需额外收费.
[难点]
◆in charge of 负责,主管
◆take charge of 负责看管

a flight chart 航空图

vt. 追,赶,追逐
The police chased the thief. 警察在追赶小偷.
vi. 追赶    [同]pursuit
She is always chasing from one store to another. 她总是匆匆地从这家商店赶到那家商店.

◆cheat sb. out of sth. 骗取某人某物
◆cheat in / at sth. 在某事中作弊

n. 干酪，乳酪  Double cheese

adj. 化学上用的
chemical composition 化学成分adj. 化学上用的
n. （常用复数）化学制品

◆vt. 与…联系
For further details,please contact with our local office. 详情请与我们驻当地的机构联系。
◆ vi. 接触
We arranged to contact as soon as possible. 我们尽快取得联系。
◆n. 接触，联系
be in contact with sb. 与某人有联系

contemporary adj. 当代的，同时代的[同]coexisting
Dickens was contemporary with Thackeray. 狄更斯和萨克雷是同时代的人。
be content with 满足于
be content to 愿意做…
He is quite content with his present fortune. 她对自己目前的境遇颇为满意。

◆n. 契约，合同
The contracts will expire soon. 这些合约很快就要满期。
◆n. 承包，承办vi. 收缩，紧缩
Wood contracts as it dries. 木材干燥时会收缩。
◆vi. 签订合同；承包vt. 订（约）
The woman claimed that she had contracted a form of marriage with the prisoner.
这女人声称她曾与该罪犯订有婚约。

be in contradiction with 与…不一致

◆be contrary to 与…相反
◆on the contrary 相反，反之
◆to the contrary 有相反的意思，相反地
The result was contrary to expectation. 结果与期望相反

contrast sharply with 与…形成鲜明对照

vt. 贡献
Everyone was called on to contribute ideas. 要求人人出主意，想办法。
vt. 捐助，捐献；投稿vi. 贡献，有助于
Exercise will contribute to improving your health. 锻炼有助于增进健康。

Come at your earliest convenience. 有便即请来。

be convenient to sb. 对某人方便

the Geneva Conventions 日内瓦公约

have a conversation with sb. 与某人谈话

the conversion of A to / into B A变为B

◆convert sth. from sth. to / into sth. 使…转变成…
◆convert sb. from sth. to sth. 使某人改变信仰
convert securities into cash 将证券变成现金

I can not convey my feelings in words. 我无法用语言表达我的感情

convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
convince sb. that … 使某人相信…

cooperate with sb. in doing sth. 与某人合作做某事

vi. 通信
I corresponded with him all that time. 那段时间我一直和他通信。
vi. 一致，符合（与with连用）
actions correspond with the words 言行一致

adj. 符合的
terms corresponding to the facts 和事实相符合的名称
adj. 相应的
corresponding angles 同位角

◆v. 使破裂，砸开
I can crack it, but I can't break it. 我能砸裂它，但不能打碎它。
◆n. 裂纹，龟裂
Don't go skating today - there are dangerous cracks in the ice. 今天不能去溜冰,冰上有危险的裂纹。
◆ n. 开缝；爆裂声
the crack of a cannon 炮声

The ground was crawling with ants. 地上爬满了蚂蚁。

◆be crazy to do sth. 干…是疯狂的
◆be crazy about sth. / on doing （对做…）着迷
◆be crazy for sth. 渴望得到某物
◆be crazy for sb. 迷恋某人

God creates the world . 上帝创造了世界。

◆buy / sell on credit 赊买（卖）货物
◆get/ take credit for sth. 为…而获得荣誉
◆give credit to sb. for sth. 为…称赞某人
◆be a credit to sb. / sth. 为…增加声誉
◆creat sth. to sb. / sth. 相信…;具有…

◆adj. 批评的，评论的
critical opinions on arts and literature 批评家对艺术和文学的意见
◆adj. 紧急的，危急的
We are at a critical moment in our history. 我们正处于历史的紧要关头。

criticize sb. for doing / not doing sth. 责备某人（未）做某事

◆v. 拥挤，群集
His mind was crowded with whys. 他脑子里全是问号。
◆n. 人群
There were large crowd of people in the streets on New Year's Eve 除夕的大街上人山人海

the customs 海关
customs duties 关税n. 惯例；（复数）关税
Social customs vary in different parts of the world. 世界各地的社会风俗都不同。

do damage to 对…有损害

He made a dash for the goal. 他向终点冲去。
the hundred-meters dash 百米短跑

The day dawned. 天亮了。        [同] Daylight  n. 白昼，日光；黎明

turn a deaf ear to 对…置若罔闻
He turned a deaf ear to our requests for help. 他对我们的援助请求置之不理

debate sth. with sb. 与某人辩论某事
debate about sth. 讨论/辩论某事

in debt 负债，欠债      out of debt 还清债务

fall into decay 衰落，衰败          in decay 腐朽

deceive sb. Into doing sth. 骗某人做某事
be deceived in sb. 看错某人

She decorated the room with flowers. 她用花装饰房间。

on the decrease 在减少中
decrease by 减少了
The population of the village has decreased by 150 to 500.
该村人口减少了150，只剩下500人。

deduce from 由…推论
deduce a conclusion from premises 从前提推出结论

in defence of … 保卫…
They decided to fight in defence of their country. 他们决心为保卫祖国而战。

deliver a speech 发表演说
v. 使分娩，接生
deliver a woman of twins 为一妇女接生双胞胎
deliver sb. From … 从…中解救某人
deliver sth. （over）to sb. 把某物交付给某人

delicate
◆adj. 纤细的，娇嫩的；精美的，精致的
jewellery of delicate workmanship 精工镶嵌的珠宝饰物
◆adj. 病弱的
in delicate health 身体娇弱
◆adj. 易碎的，需小心照料的；微妙的，棘手的

◆on delivery 送达时，交货付款时
◆take delivery of 收到

demonstrate against … 示威/反对…

deny doing ….
◆It cannot be denied that … / ◆There is no denying the fact that …
不容否认…（我们必须承认…）

depart from 离开，起程
depart for 动身去…
departure        n. 离开，出发

be dependent on 依靠…，由…决定
[反]be independent of

deposit sth. with sb. 把某物寄放在某人处
He deposited the papers with his lawyer. 他将文件交于律师保管。

vt. 使沮丧，使低沉
The failure depressed him. 失败使他抑郁不欢

v. 取得，得到
She derived great pleasure from her studies. 她从读书研究中得到极大的乐趣。
v. 起源，来由（from）

◆descend from … 从…下来
This custom descended from generation to generation. 这习俗一代一代传下来。
◆be descended from … 为…的后裔
According to the Bible, we are all descended from Adam. 根据圣经，我们都是亚当的后裔。
◆descend to （doing）sth. 屈辱到，堕落到
You would never descend to cheating. 你绝不至于堕落到欺骗。

beyond description 难以形容
The scenery was beautiful beyond description. 这景色美不可言。
give a description of … 描述某事

have designs on/against… 企图…
vt. 计划，谋划；设计；预定（目标或对象）
This book is designed for college students. 这本书是预定供大学生使用的
design doing ( to do ) sth. 打算做某事

She killed herself in despair. 她因绝望而自尽。
vi. 失望，绝望
His life was despaired of. 已经无望救活他了。
in despair 绝望地
despair of sth. 对…丧失信心
be the despair of… 成为令人失望的人或物

★adj. 不顾一切的    [同]hopeless
He made desperate efforts. 他做孤注一掷的努力。
★adj. 极度渴望的    [同]rockless
be desperate for sth. 渴望得到某物
despite
prep. 不管，尽管
He went out despite bad weather. 虽然天气不好，他仍然出去了。
[同]in spite of

Don't omit a single detail. 不要遗漏一点细节。
vt. 详述，详细说明
in detail 详细地
Please explain it in detail. 请详细解释一下。
go into details 详细叙述

I detected a thief stealing into his house. 我发现小偷潜入他的房子。

n. 钟面；刻度盘；（电话的）拨号盘
v. 打电话；拨（电话号码）
He dialed 119 at once. 他立刻拨打119

dictate sth. to sb. 向某人口授某事；给某人做听写
He dictated a letter to his secretary. 他向秘书口授信稿。

differ from sth. 不同于…
French differs from English. 法语与英语不同。
differ from sb. on/about sth. 与某人在…方面意见不合
I differ from you on / about this matter. 关于此事，我与你意见不同。

dip one's pen into the ink 拿钢笔蘸墨水
directly
adv. 直接地；直截了当地；立刻，马上
Come in directly ! 即刻进来！      [同]immediately
conj. 一…就…
Directly I had done it, I knew I had made a mistake. 我刚一做完这事，我就知道我做错了。[同]as soon as
disagree with sth. / sb. 与…不一致
I am sorry to disagree with you. 很抱歉,我不同意你的意见.
disagree with sb. about sth. 在…方面与某人不一致

be disappointed at/in sth. 对某事感到失望
be disappointed with sb. 对某人失望
be disappointed of… 没有实现…

disaster    n. 灾难,灾祸      [同]calamity
◆v. 卸(货物);发射,射出
How long will the discharge of the cargo take ? 卸货需要多久?
◆discharge a gun 开枪
◆v. 放出,流出;让(某人)离去,解雇
discharge a patient from hospital 让病人出院    [同]dismiss
military discipline 军训

discourage sb. from doing sth. 劝阻某人作某事
The doctor's advice discouraged him from smoking. 医生的忠告使他不再抽烟.

◆in disgust  厌恶地
be disgusted at / with / by sth. 对…感到厌恶

◆in disorder 杂乱地

dispose sb. to do sth. 使某人愿意做某事

in dispute 正在争论的
in dispute with… 与…争论

◆be distant from 离…远的
◆be distant towards sb. 与某人疏远
He was distant towards me. 他对我态度冷淡.

I am much distressed to hear that sad news. 听到那个不幸的消息,我很难过

★This kind of plant is widely distributed thoughout China. 这种植物在中国有广泛的分布
division  n. 划分，分开      [同]separation
a simple division 简单的除法

be divorced from sb. 与某人离婚

◆n. （药的）剂量，一服，一剂
Take three doses a day. 一日服三次
◆vt. 给（药）；（给…）服药
to dose oneself with quinine 服奎宁

a field dotted with sheep 到处是羊的田野

adj. 怀疑的，可疑的；难料的，未定的
It's doubtful whether she will succeed. 她会不会成功尚难预料。

Tom drag a heavy box out of the cupboard. 汤姆把一个重箱子从橱里拖出来。
◆drag out 拖延（时间）
◆drag sb. into doing sth. 使某人勉强做某事

◆Dig trenches to drain the water away. 挖沟排水
◆The boat drifted down the river. 船顺水漂流而下。    [同]float
◆See if the tap is dripping. 看看水龙头有没有滴水。

◆v. （把…）淹死
He was drowned in the sea. 他淹死在海里。
◆v. 淹没
Cheers drowned his voice. 欢呼声淹没了他的讲话声。
drown oneself in 埋头于…
drown out 淹没

◆adj. 正当的，适当的        ◆in due time 在适当时候
after due consideration 经过适当的考虑         
◆adj. 应得的
The wages due to him will be paid tomorrow. 他应得的工资明天将付给他。
◆adj. 应支付的；（车、船）预定应到的 
give sb. his due 给某人应得之物    n.（单数）应得物
[难点]
◆be due to do sth. 预定做…
◆be due to doing … 由于…
The accident was due to careless driving. 这起车祸起因于驾驶疏忽。

dump
vt. 倾倒，倾卸
Where can I dump this rubbish ? 我把垃圾倒在哪儿？
durable
adj. 耐用的；持久的
durable friendship 永恒的友谊

keep ( stay ) in the background 隐在幕后

bacteria    n.细菌 (pl. bacterium )

baggage    n. 行李,包袱[同]luggage
two pieces of baggage 两件行李

◆差额;结余,余款;天平a bank balance [同]scales
◆You have to balance the advantages of living downtown against the disadvantages.
◆你必须权衡住在市中心的利弊。
◆in the balance（命运）未定，在危急中；不确定
Though her life was in the balance, she thought only of the safety of her fellows.
尽管她生命危急,但她一心只想着她伙伴们的安全。
◆on balance总的来说
Their suggestion has, on balance, proved practicable.
总的说来,他们的建议已被证明是可行的。

band  n. 乐队(尤指管乐队)  [同]orchestra

He banged his fist on the table. 他用拳头猛击桌子.

◆horizontal bar 单杠
vt. 闩上,阻挡  vt. 妨碍
Nothing could bar them from meeting each other.没有任何东西能够阻止他们会面.

◆bare one's head 脱帽
◆a bare cheque 不记名支票

v. 成交  n. 交易;廉价货;契约  [同]agreement
After ten minutes of parleys the bargain was made. 经过十分钟的谈判终于成交.

◆be barrier to doing sth. 是(做)…的障碍
◆set up barrier against 对…设置障碍
◆put up barrier to do sth. 设障

basic  adj. 基本的,基础的    [同]fundamental

on the basis of 根据

Her face beams with joy. 她喜形于色.

◆忍受,容忍  [同]endure ; tolerate
She can't bear to be laughed at. 她不能忍受被取笑.
◆v. 负担,承担  [同]carry
bear a heavy load 负重担
◆v. 结(果实) , 生(孩子)    [同]give birth to
bear （DOWN） a child 产一婴儿
[难点]
◆bear away 夺得,赢得(奖品等)
◆bear down on/upon 冲向… , 袭击…
◆bear on / upon 与…有关系,对…有影响
◆bear sb. / sth. out 证实…,为某人作证
◆bear up 鼓起勇气,坚强起来
◆bear with sb. 耐心对待,忍受某人

roast beef 烤牛肉

small beer 微不足道的事物

◆in behalf of 为...的利益
◆on behalf of / on one's behalf 代表，以某人的名义
◆I am speaking on behalf of my class. 我代表我们班级发言。

◆the Supreme Being 上帝
◆come into being 产生，形成
It is man's social being that determines his thingking.
人们的社会存在，决定人们的思想。

religious beliefs 宗教信仰

◆The stream bends to the west. 这条小河折向西流。
◆It is possible to bend nature to human will? 有可能让大自然服从人类的意志吗?
◆He bent his mind to the job. 他专心于他的工作

beneath notice 不值得注意
beneath one's dignity 有失身份
beneath contempt 卑鄙到了极点

◆be beneficial to 有益于...

◆for the benefit of 为...利益

The dog bit me in the leg. 那狗咬了我的腿。

Leave a blank after each word. 每个词后面要留出空白

He was slowly bleeding to death. 他正慢慢失血而死。

◆blended whisky 混合威士忌

n. 联结，结合；约束，契约；公债，债券
◆a baby bond 小额债券
◆treasure bond 国库券
n. （复数）镣铐
◆in bonds 在监禁中
◆burst one's bonds 获得自由

◆n. 边界,边境 ; 边,边沿 ; 边缘  vt. 与…接壤
China borders on / upon Korea in the east. 中国东部与朝鲜接壤.
◆vt. 接近
The new airport borders the city on the south. 新机场靠近城市的南面.

◆vt. 烦扰,打扰
He bothered me for money. 他找我要钱.
◆vi. 烦恼,操心
Don't bother about answering this. 不必费心回复.

v. (使)弹起, (使)反弹, (使)颠跳  [同]spring
The old car bounced along the bad roads. 这辆旧车在坏路上颠簸而行.

◆adj. 一定的,必然的
It's bound to rain soon. 不久一定会下雨.
◆adj. 受约束的,有义务的
We are bound to carry out this plan. 我们有义务完成这项计划.
◆adj. (for,to)准备到…去,开往(或驶往)…的 
The ship is bound for Finland. 此船开往芬兰.  [同]make for , head for
[难点]
◆be bound to do sth. 一定会干… ,应当干…
◆be bound for = make for =head for 前往… , 开往…

The driver put on the brake suddenly. 司机将车紧急刹住.

be branded on
These frightful experiences are branded on his memory. 这些可怕的经历使他铭记不忘.

◆vt. (使)繁殖,饲养;教养,抚养
He was bred for the church. 他被培养做牧师.
◆vi. 繁殖
Rabbits breed quickly. 兔子繁殖很快.

◆to be brief 简单地说
◆in brief 简单地说

v. 发光,发亮    [同]illuminate
These flowers brighten the classroom. 这些花朵使教室生辉.

The B.B.C broadcasts the news at 9 p.m.

◆broken English 蹩脚的英语

◆knit one's brow 皱眉头

The tea bubbled in the pot. 壶里的茶水开了.

◆n. 容积,体积
Great bulk does not always mean great weight. 体积不大一定总是重量大.
◆n. 大批,大量,大块
The oceans from the bulk of the earth's surface. 地球的表面大部分是海洋.

fire a bullet at the enemy 向敌人开枪

We collected a bundle of old clothes to be given them. 我们收集了一大包旧衣服准备送给他们.

◆There is no doubt that all this puts a considerable burden on the teachers.
毫无疑问,这一切都大大增加了教师的负担.

the Tax Bureau 税务局

◆n. 扣子
fasten (unfasten) button 扣（解开）扣子
◆n. 按钮 vi. 扣上，扣紧
My collar won't button. 我的领子扣不起来
◆vt. 扣钮扣
button one's coat 扣起外衣纽扣

vt. 抛弃，离弃
The cruel man abandoned his wife and child.那个狠心的男人遗弃了妻儿。
vt. 放弃
They had abandoned all hope.他们不再抱任何希望。
◆abandon+doing sth

Welcome aboard! 欢迎各位搭乘本机（船）！

adv.（在）国外，出国    [同]oversea
Do you like being abroad ? 你喜欢在国外生活吗？

◆absence from 不在，缺乏   
◆in the absence of 缺乏…的情况下    [同]lack
in the absence of definite information 没有确切消息的情况

adj. 缺乏，不在
be absent from school 旷课
adj. 茫然的，恍惚的
absentminded 心不在焉的

◆vt. 吸收  [同] take in
absorb knowledge 吸取知识
◆vt. 吸引…的注意，使全神贯注
be absorbed in … 全神贯注于…

n. 摘要，梗概    [同]summary
an abstract of a speech 一篇演说的摘要

be abundant in 富于，富有

◆n. 辱骂
shower abuse on sb. 大骂某人
◆n. 虐待；滥用
an abuse of trust 辜负别人的信任
◆vt. 滥用
Don't abuse your authority. 不要滥用你的威信

The issue is academic. 此问题过于注重理论。

a Cockney accent 伦敦东区的口音

have / gain access to 可以获得（或接近）…
Only high officials had access to the Emperor. 只有高级官员可以接近皇帝。

◆vt. 陪伴，陪同
He was accompanied by his secretary. 他有秘书随行。
◆vt. 伴随，和… 一起发生
lightning accompanied with thunder 雷电交加
◆vt. 为…伴奏
The singer was accompanied at the piano by Gerald Moore.
该歌手由杰拉尔德•穆尔钢琴伴奏。

A man who will never accomplish anything. 永远一事无成的人

in accordance with 与… 一致，按照，根据

◆    n. 叙述，说明；帐，账户
open an account 开户头
◆    account for 说明…的原因
His illness accounts for his absence. 他因为生病，所以才缺席。
[难点]
settle one's account （with） 结清欠账；（喻）报复
on account of 由于，因此
on no account 决不（放句首时句子倒装）
take…into account 对…加以考虑
account for 说明…的原因

accumulate  v. 积累，积聚    [同]pile up ; store up

◆accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人…
The police accused him of murder. 警方指控他谋杀。

◆be/become accustomed to sb./sth. 习惯于… = be/become used to sb./sth.

◆n. 熟人
He has a wide circle of acquaintance. 他交际很广。
◆n. 从经验获得的知识
He has some acquaintance with German. 他略懂德文。
[难点]
◆make the acquaintance of sb. 与某人相识
◆have a bowing / nodding acquaintance with sb. 与某人相交不深

bring/call sth. into action 使起作用，使生效，使操作
put/set sth. in action 实行，开动
put sth. out of action 使停止工作，使不适用
take action 开始行动，采取行动

◆n. 活动、活性
His time of full activity is past. 他充满活力的时期已经过去了。
◆n. 活动，所做或待做的事情
My numerous activities leave me little leisure. 繁多的事务使我一点空闲也没有。

◆adapt...to  adapt to  v. （使）适应，（使）适合
He adapt himself to his new conditions. 他适应了新的环境。
◆v. 改编，改写
The book is adapted to the needs of beginners. 本书经过改写以适合初学者的需要。

in addition 另外，加之
in addition to 除...之外

$10 a week is not adequate to support a family. 十美元一周不足以维持一个家庭。

vt. 调整，调节  [同]adapt
The body adjusts itself to change in temperature.身体能自行调节以适应气温变化。
n. 校正，校准
◆adjust the errors 校正错误
◆adjust the meters 校正仪表

n. （事务，尤指公共事务，国家政策等）管理，经营；行政机关，局
Successive Administrations failed to solve the country's problems.
历届政府未能解决该国的问题。

◆n. 准许进入，准许加入
Admission free. 不收门票。
◆n. 承认，供认
by/on his own admission 如他自己所承认的

◆v. 承认，供认    [同]acknowledge ; confess
I admitted to feeling ashamed of my conduct. 我承认我对自己的行为感到惭愧。
◆n. 准许...进入，准许...加入
Only one huandred boys are admitted to the school each year. 该校每年只收一百名男生。

vt. 采用，采纳
European dress has been adopted by people in many parts of the world.
欧洲服饰为世界许多地方的人们所采用。
[考点]
◆adopted 作前置定语意为"收养的"，作后置定语为"采纳的"
◆adopted children 收养的孩子
◆methods adopted 采用的方法

n. 优点、有利条件  [同]superiority
The school has many advantages. 这学校具有很多优点。
n. 利益，好处
He gained little advantage from his visit to Landon. 他游历伦敦获益甚少。
[难点]
◆gain/have an advantage over 优于，胜过
◆in advantage of 利用，乘...之机
◆take advantage of 趁机利用
We should take advantage of these good conditions. 我们应充分利用这些良好的条件。

It is advisable that ... + should do (表示虚拟)

◆v. 影响
The climate affected the amount of the rainfall. 气候影响了雨量。
◆v. 打动，感动
The audience was deeply affected. 听众深受感动。

◆◆have an affection for/towards sb. 深爱某人

I cannot afford the expense. 我花不起这笔费用。

I did not remember the answer until afterwards. 到后来我才想起答案。

◆house agent房产经纪人
◆law agent 法律顾问
a general agent 总代理商
a secret agent 特务、密探
◆n. 作用者；作用物；动因
Rain and sun are the agents which help plants to grow. 雨水和太阳是促使植物成长的因素

◆in agreement with 同意  [同]harmony
We are in agreement on that point. 在那一点上我们意见一致。
◆n. 协定，协议
come to an agreement with sb. 与某人达成协议

The nuclear structure is altered. 核结构发生了变化。

◆◆A boy who fills ambition usually works hard. 一个胸怀大志的男孩通常很用功。

vt. 给…以消遣，给…以娱乐  [同]entertain
We amused ourselves with the cat while we waited. 我们在等待时以逗猫为乐。

Chemical analysis of water yields hydrogen and oxygen. 水经化学分解会产生氢和氧。
◆◆in the final analysis 归根到底
It was analysed by a strain energy method. 这是用应变能力方法解决的。

cast （drop）anchor 抛锚
The ship anchored in the harbor. 这条船在港口抛锚。

n. 角，角度；观点，看法  [同]viewpoint
What angle are you writing this story ? 你是从何种观点写这故事 ？
[难点]
◆a right angle 直角
◆an obtuse angle 钝角
◆an acute (a sharp) angle 锐角

vt. 预料，期望[同]foresee , expect
We don't anticipate much trouble. 我们不希望有太多的麻烦。
◆◆anticipate + doing

She is annoyed at his question . 她对他的质问感到恼怒。

adv. 无论如何，不管怎样  [同]anyway
Anyhow I must finish this work today. 我今天必须完成这项工作。

◆adv. 分开，分离
The pages are stuck together and I can't pull them apart. 这几页粘在一起, 我无法将它们分开
◆adv. 相隔，相距
They are a thousand miles apart. 他们相隔1000英里。
◆adv. 除去，撇开（与from连用）
Wood and coal have been man's primary sources of energy apart from direct solar heat. 除去直接的太阳热以 外，木材和煤一直是人类的主要能源。

◆make / offer apology to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道歉
◆express one's apology 表示歉意
◆present one's apology 致以歉意

apparatus n. 器械，器具，设备  [同]equipment  ◆ appliance ◆ tackle

apparent
adj. 表面上的 [同]seeming [反]actual
adj. 显然的、明明白白的[同]evident , obvious

◆vi. 呼吁，恳求  [同]plead
The prisoner appealed to the judge for mercy. 囚犯恳求法官开恩。
◆vi. 申诉  [同]resort
appeal against a decision 不服判决而上诉
◆ vi. 吸引  [同]attract
Do these paintings appeal to you ? 你对这些画感兴趣吗？
[难点]
appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁
appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁某人做某事
appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力
make an appeal for … 恳求…

◆keep up appearance 顾全面子，撑场面
◆in appearance 外表上看起来
◆make one's first appearance 初次登台

have an appetite for 对…有欲望

adj. 适当的，合适的，可应用的[同]appropriate , suitable
be applicable to sth./doing sth. 适合于…，适应于…

（make an）application to sb. for sth. 向某人提出…申请
application of sth. to sth. …至…的应用

◆v. 申请，请求
apply to the Consul for a visa 向领事申请签证
◆v. 应用，运用，适用
We can apply his findings in new developments. 我们将调查结果应用于新开发中。
apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申请…
apply sth to sth. 将…应用于…
apply oneself (mind/energies) to (doing) sth. 全神贯注与…致力于```

appoint sb. (to be ) + 职务
They appointed him director of the office. 他们委任他为办公室主任。

◆◆keep （break）an appointment 守（违）约

◆vt. 感激，感谢
I deeply appreciate your kindness . 我深深地感谢你的好意。
◆vt. 正确评价
appreciate sth. by a high standard 以高标准鉴赏某物

◆n. 赞同，同意
Do not lightly or disapproval别轻易表示赞同或反对
◆n. 批准，审定，通过
He gave his approval to the plan. 他批准了这项计划。

◆be approximate to sth. 接近于…的
◆approximate to sth. 近似，接近
His description of the event approximated to the truth.
他对于这件事的描述很接近于事实。

◆◆appropriate for / to sth. 对…适当的；适合于…的

◆argue with (against) sb. About (on) sth. 与某人辩论某事
◆argue against (for)… 为反对(或赞成)…而辩论
We are arguing with each other about the justice of the war.
我们正在争论这场战争的正义性.

◆arouse sb. from … 从…中唤醒某人
◆arouse sb. to do sth. 唤起某人做…
His sufferings aroused out sympathy. 他的痛苦引起我们的同情.

◆arrange for sb. / sth. to do sth. 安排…做…
She's good at arranging flowers. 她擅长插花.

to make arrangment for … 做好…的准备

◆arrest sb. for… 因…而逮捕某人
◆arrest sb. on a charge of … 以…罪而逮捕某人

They signed in the arrival upon a sheet. 他们在一张纸上签到.

◆artificial rainfall ( respiration ) 人工降雨
◆artificial insemination ( selection ) 人工授精(选择)
◆artificial fiber ( silk ) 人造纤维(丝)

◆n. 样子,外表,面貌
We become afraid of a man with a serious aspect. 我们害怕外貌严肃的人.
◆n. 方面,方位
We should consider a problem in all its aspect. 我们应该全面地考虑问题.
assemble  v. 集合,调集
The pupils were assembled in the school hall. 学生们在学校礼堂集合.

◆the U.N. General Assembly 联合国大会
◆freedom of speech and assembly 言论和集会的自由

They assessed the house at 15,000 yuan. 他们给房子估价为15,000元.

◆vt. 指派,选派
Two pupils were assigned to sweep the classroom. 两个学生被指派打扫教室.
◆vt. 分配,布置(作业)
The teacher assigned homework to pupils. 老师给学生布置家庭作业.
◆vt. 指定(时间、地点等)
Has a day been assigned for the trial ？ 审讯日期是否已定？
[难点]
◆assign sth. to sb. / sth. 把…分配给…
◆assign sb. to sth. / to do sth. 指派某人做…

帮助,援助某人
◆give / lend / render assistance to sb
◆come to sb's  assistance
◆be of assistance to sb.

◆vt. 使发生联系,把…与…联合在一起[同]connect
I always associate that song with my visit to Hawaii.
听到那首歌我就联想到我的夏威夷之行.
◆vi. 交往,结合
Never associate with bad companions 别和坏人交往.
◆ adj. 副的
associate professor 副教授
[难点]
◆associate … with … 把…与…联合在一起 = link … to / relate … to (with) /
◆combine … with / connect … with
◆associate with 与…交往(合伙)

freedom of speech , press , assembly and association 言论,出版,集会和结社的自由

◆vt. 假定,设想
assume a statement to be correct 假定一种说法是正确的
◆vt. 承担
assume office 就职
◆vt. 采取,呈现
assume a look of innocence 装出一副无辜的神情
[难点]
assuming that … (引导条件状语从句)假如

vt. 使确信,使放心    [同]convince
He assured me that the repairs would be finished tomorrow. 他告诉我修理工作明天一定结束.
assure sb. of 使某人相信,向某人保证…
vt. 使惊讶,使吃惊
The news astonished everybody. 这消息令每个人感到惊愕.
[难点]
◆astonishing 令人惊讶的
◆astonished (被动意义)受惊的

◆vt. 贴上,系上
attach a bell to a bike 在自行车上装个铃
◆vt. 使依附,使隶属
a worker's college attached to a plant 附属于工厂的工人大学
[难点]
◆be attached to … 附属于… ; 爱慕…
◆attach importance to … 重视…

vt. 达到,获得  [同]gain , accomplish
attain one's hopes 实现其希望
vi. ( to ) 到达,达到 attain to perfection 到达完美  [同] reach , arrive at

vt. 试图,努力,尝试  n. 企图,努力,试图    [同]endeavor
◆make an attempt at doing (= to do )sth. 试图做某事名词attempt后常用不定式做定语.
  His attempt to escape is fail. 他尝试着逃跑,却失败了.

◆"态度"之后用to或towards
attitude towards criticism 对批评的态度
◆"姿势"之后用of
attitude of flight 飞行姿态

◆Like attracts like. 物以类聚.
Vt. 引起(注意,兴趣等),诱惑
He was irresistibly attracted by the beauty of the lake. 他情不自禁地被湖上的美景迷住

◆attribute … to sb. / sth. 把…归因于…
He attributes his success to hard work. 他认为他的成功是努力工作的结果.

◆n. 权威,威信,权力
Who gives you authority to do this ? 谁授权你做这件事?
◆n. 职权,权限
by the authority of 承蒙许可
◆n. (用复数)当局
the government authorities 政府当局

◆adj. 可用的,可得到的
These data are readily available. 这些资料易于得到.
◆adj. 通用的,有效的
The ticket is available on the day of issue. 此票仅发行当天有效.

◆◆Books are avenues to knowledge . 书是通向知识的道路.

◆adj. 笨拙的,不熟练的

◆adj. 尴尬的
I was the only man among the guests and felt rather awkward.
我是客人中唯一的男性,感到有些窘迫

◆be eager for sth.. / to do sth. 渴求某物/做某事

◆eagle-eyed 目光锐利的

vt. 挣得，赚得
earn one's living 谋生
vt. 获得，赢得
His achievements earned him respect and admiration. 他的成就博得了人们的尊敬和钦佩

v. 缓和，减轻[同]relieve
Can I ease you of your burden ? 我能减轻你的负担吗？
[难点]
◆at ease 舒适地，自由自在地    I feel at ease here. 我在这里觉得很自在。
◆ill at ease 感到不安
◆ease off 缓和

The hills echoed back the noise of the shot. 群山发出枪声的回音。

the national economy 国家经济

◆a pocket edition 袖珍版

◆a chief editor 总编

adj. 精心制作的，详尽的；复杂的  v. 精心制作，详尽描述
Please elaborate your proposals a little. 请将你的建议详细描述一下。
The chairman just wanted the facts; You don't need to elaborate on them.
主席只想了解事实,你不必作详细说明。

橡皮筋
an elastic band
The rules are elastic. (喻)
这些规章是有弹性的。

◆in one's element 处于适宜的环境，内行
◆out of one's element 处于不适宜的环境，外行

◆eliminate the false and retain the true 去伪存真

Look elsewhere 在别的地方找找看

The old man was embarrassed by lack of money. 那位老人因囊中羞涩而感到窘迫。

She embraced her son tenderly when he came home after ten years' absence.
她儿子离家十年后回家时她亲切地拥抱儿子。

◆The moon emerged from behind the clouds. 月亮从云后现出。

◆with emphasis 强调地
◆lay / put / place emphasis upon 强调…，把重点放在…

The teacher emphasized the importance of studying English. 老师强调学习英语的重要性。

◆be in employment 有工作
◆be out of employment 失业
◆in the employment of … 受雇于…

enable sb. to do … 使某人做…
enable sth. 使某事成为可能

enclose a garden with a wall 用墙将花园围起

encounter  v. 遭遇到；偶遇  [同]come across

She can't endure /bear his unreasonable action. 他不能容忍他的过分行为。

◆enforce sth. on / upon sb. 将某事强加于某人

◆be engaged in sth. / doing sth. 忙于… ， 从事于…

◆enlarge on/upon one's opinions 详述意见

vt. 保证，确定，担保
I can't ensure that he will be there in time. 我不能保证他会及时到达那里。
ensure sb. against / from sth. 保证某人免受…

◆feel no enthusiasm for / about sth. 对某事不热心

vt. 给（书、文章等）题名，给…称号；给…以权力（资格）
If you fail three times , you are not entitled to try any more. 如果你失败三次，你便无权再尝试了。
[难点]
◆entitle sb. to do sth. 给某人做某事的权利
◆entitle sb. to sth. 使某人有某权力

environment    n. 环境  [同]surroundings

◆n. 妒忌，羡慕；妒忌的对象
His success was the envy of us all. 他的成功令我们全体羡慕不已。
◆vt. 妒忌，羡慕
I don't envy him his good-tempered wife. 我不羡慕他有个好脾气的夫人。
[难点]
◆out of envy 出于妒忌
◆feel envy at / for 对…妒忌
◆become the envy of … 成为…的妒忌目标

be on an equality with … 与…平等

be equipped with 装备，配备
be equipped for 为…做好准备

◆◆be equivalent to 等于

◆escape from sth. 从某处逃离
◆escape punishment / being punished 逃避惩罚

estimate v. 评价，判断  n. 估计，估价  [同]assess  evaluate
a rough estimate 大致估计

Heat evaporates water. 热使水蒸发。

◆be even with = be level with 与…扯平
◆even if = even though 即使…也

◆in evidence 明显的
◆bear / give / show evidence of 有…的迹象

evident  adj. 明显的，明白的  [同]apparent  obvious

evil  n. 罪恶，邪恶；灾祸  [同]disaster

◆v.（使）进化，（使）演化
Man has evolved from the ape. 人是从类人猿进化来的。
◆v.（使）发展，（使）演变
He has evolved a new theory. 他推论出一项新学说。

The importance of this meeting has been exaggerated. 这次会议的重要性被夸大了。

His success exceeded all expectations. 他的成功出乎一切预料。
v. 超越  [同]surpass
exceed the speed limit 驾车超速

◆with the exception of 除…之外
◆make an exception of 把…作为例外

◆in excess of 多于，超过
◆to excess 过度

◆exchange A for B (= substitute A for B ) 用A交换B
◆exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物

v. 惊叫,呼喊,大声说  [同]cry out
He exclaim in delight. 他欢呼起来.

vt. 把…排除在外,拒绝  [反]include
◆exclude sb. from sth. 拒绝某人某事
◆exclude sb. from doing sth. 不准某人做某事

execute a command 执行命令

◆exert oneself 努力,尽力
◆exert sth. on sb. 对某人施以
◆exert all one's influence to do sth. 运用个人所有的影响力去做某事

exhaust one's patience 失去耐心

exhibit paintings in an art gallery 在一美术馆展览画

◆bring… into existence 使…产生
◆come into existence 产生,成立
◆in existence 存在的,现存的

◆beyond expectation 出乎意料
◆meet sb.'s expectation 不负某人期望
◆contrary to expectation 与预料相反地

◆at one's expense 由…付钱
◆at the expense of 以…作为代价
◆go to the expense of 为…的目的花钱

◆become expert at ( doing ) sth. 成为…方面的能手

explode with laughter 哄堂大笑

Columbus discovered America but did not explore the new continent.
哥伦布发现了美洲，但没有对此新大陆进行探测。

◆be exposed to … 暴露在…之下，受到…的影响

Can't you extend your visit for a few days ? 你能多停留几天吗？

◆to the extent of … 到…程度
◆to some（a great , a certain）extent 在某种（很大，一定）程度上
◆to such an extent that… 到如此地步以至于(竟然)…（放句首，句子用倒装结构）

◆in the extreme 极端，非常
◆go to / be driven to extremes 走极端
◆annoying in the extreme 极为讨厌

◆the fabric of society 社会结构

◆transport facilities 交通设施

an unknown factor 未知因素

faculty  n.  才能，能力  [同]abilityn.  系，学院；全体教学人员

◆v. 枯萎    [同]wither
Flowers soon fade when cut. 花剪下来不久就会凋谢。
◆v. （使）褪色
The strong sunlight has faded the curtains. 强烈的阳光使窗帘褪了色。
[难点]
◆fade away 渐渐消失

n. 失败；失败的人或事；未做到，无能为力（与不定式连用）
His failure to help us was disappointing 很令人失望的是他未能帮助我们。
n. 失灵，故障
engine failure 发动机故障

◆adj. 微弱的[同]weak
a faint light 暗淡的光线    a faint sound  微弱的声音
◆adj. 模糊的；（表语）晕倒的vi. 昏倒
He fainted from hunger. 他饿昏了。

◆adj  公平的，公道的
There must be fair play whatever the competition is.
◆adj  白皙的（皮肤）；浅色的（头发）
English people usually have fair skin. 英国人通常是白皮肤。
◆n. 定期集市；商品交易会，展览会

◆fall back on  求助于, 退到, 回头再说
◆fall for  爱上, 倾心
◆fall in love with  v.爱上
◆fall in with  v.偶遇, 同意
fall outv.争吵, 吵架, 闹翻
fall out of  v.放弃(习惯等)
fall through  v.失败, 成为泡影

◆adj. 不正确的，错误的；假的，伪造的
false hair 假发
◆adj. 虚伪的，不诚实的
bear / give false witness 作伪证证

He was not anxious for fame. 他不想急于成名。

n. 想象力，幻想力 [同]imagination
vt. 想要，喜欢
What do you fancy for your dinner ? 晚餐时你喜欢吃些什么？
vt. 想象，设想；认为，猜想
I rather fancy that he won't come. 我认为他不会来。
◆take a fancy to 喜欢…起来
◆take / catch the fancy of 使喜爱
◆fancy oneself 自负，自命不凡
fancy to (sb.) doing sth. 想（某人）做…

◆n.（车、船等）费用，票价
How much is the fare to London ? 去伦敦的车费是多少？
◆vi. 过日子，进展  [同]get on , progress
How did you fare during your journey ? 你旅途顺利吗？
[难点]
◆It has fared well with him. 他的情况很不错。
◆It fares well / ill with sb. 某人的情况顺利/不顺利

◆a farewell party 欢送会
◆make one's farewells 辞行
◆（say）farewell to … 对…永别，不会再…

◆n. 方式，样子
He does everything in his own fashion. 他一切都按自己的方式行事。
◆n. 流行式样，时髦  [同]style
dressed in the latest fashion 打扮入时的
◆fashion … into 把…制成
fashion a lump of clay into a bowl 将粘土塑成一只碗
[难点]
◆come into fashion 流行
◆go out of fashion 过时，不流行
◆follow / be in the fashion 迎合时尚，时髦

v. 拴紧，扣紧  [同]fix
Have you fastened all the doors and windows ? 你将所有的门窗关牢了吗？
[难点]
fasten … to … 把…拴在…上
fasten … on … 盯住..， 把…加在…上

He is overcome by fatigue. 他筋疲力尽。

◆adj. 赞成的，称赞的；有助的
be favorable to 赞成
◆adj.有利的；起促进作用的
favorable weather for working outside  这天气有利于室外工作

be fearful of doing sth. 怕做某事
be fearful to do sth. 对做某事感到胆怯

feasible  adj. 可行的，可能的  [同]possible

n. 特征，特色；（复数）面貌，长相
She is a woman of charming features. 她容貌迷人。

adj. 联邦的
◆◆Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) 联邦调查局

n. 酬金，费（学费、手续费等）
He teaches at a fee of 10,000 yuan. 他教书的报酬是一万元。

◆n. 纤维，纤维质
synthetic fiber 合成纤维
◆n. 质地，构造
material of coarse fiber 粗劣的料子

a legal fiction 法律虚拟（假定）

fierce adj. 凶猛的，残忍的  [同]violent
      adj. 强烈的，激烈的  [同]intense
      adj. 狂热的，极度的

◆figure for 谋取，企图获得
◆figure on 料想，指望，推断
◆figure out 算出，解决  [同]work out

on file 归档，存卷；（计算机中）文件

v. 过滤，滤清；透过，渗入，走漏
The news filtered through. 消息走漏出去了。

◆◆financial year 财政年度

n. 罚款，罚金  vt. 罚…的款
He was fined 600 yuan for speeding. 他因超速行车被罚款六百元。

flame  n. 火焰，火苗；热情，激情 [同]passion
in flames 在燃烧着
a flame of anger 怒火
burst into flames 燃烧起来

◆v. 闪光，闪烁  [同]blink
The lightning flashed across the sky. 闪电划破长空。
◆v. 闪现，飞驰
The idea flashed into his mind. 这个念头掠过他的心头。
[难点]
◆in a flash 一刹那间
◆a flash in the pan 昙花一现（的事）

flavor  vt. 给…调味，加味于…
flavor a sauce with onions 在酱油中加洋葱调味

flesh and blood n.肉体, 人性, 情欲, 人类, 现实

in flight 在飞行中
in the first flight 领头，占首要地位

◆n. 羊群，（一）群  [同]herd
a flock of wild geese 一群大雁
◆vi. 群集，成群
The children flocked round their mother. 孩子们聚集在他们母亲的周围。

His business is flourishing. 他生意兴隆。

Rivers flow into the sea. 千条江河归大海。

He is fluent in a dozen foreign languages. 他通晓十多种外国语言。

focus sth. on sth. 把某物聚集到某物上
focus one's attention on the main problems 把注意力集中到主要问题上

◆fold sb. in one's arms 拥抱某人
◆fold sth. up in sth. 用…包某物
◆fold sth. up into… 把…折叠成

◆n. 人们，家属
Some folk are never satisfied. 有些人永远不满足
◆n. 民间的
folk music 民间音乐

◆forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事
◆forbid sth. 禁止某事
◆forbid sb. sth. 禁止某人做某事

forecast n. 预言，预告 vt. 预测，预报 forecast weather 预报天气 [同]prediction

forgive sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事
forgive sb. sth. 原谅某人某事

be fortunate in 在…方面很幸运

◆make a fortune 发财
◆try one's fortune 碰运气
◆fortune teller 算命人，看相人
◆come into a fortune 继承大笔遗产

◆◆lay solid foundations for … 为…打下坚实的基础

n. 碎片，断片  [同]particle
The girl tried to put the fragments of a broken vase together.
那个女孩试图将一只破花瓶的碎片拼起来

frame an oil painting 给油画装框

frontier n. 国境，边界 frontier incidents 边界争端  [同]border

◆frown at sb. 对某人皱眉
◆frown on/upon 对…不赞成
There was a deep frown on his forehead. 他深深皱着眉头。

fulfil oneself 实现自己的抱负
fulfil one's promise 履行诺言
◆furnish sb. with sth. 给某人提供某物
◆furnish sth. to sb. 供给某人某物
◆furnish an army with supplies 供给军队补给品  [同]provide